Definitions
Speech or Language Impairment:
“A communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.” - IDEA (The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)
Motor Speech Disorders:
"Impairments of speech arising from damage to the central or peripheral nervous system." - (ASHA, 1997)
Apraxia:
A motor speech disorder. Difficulty planning ("praxis") speech movements. The brain has issues coordinating muscles movements that are crucial for speech (i.e. lips, jaw, tongue). - (ASHA, 1997)
Dysarthria:
A motor speech disorder. "The muscles of the mouth, face, and respiratory system may become weak, move slowly, or not move at all after a stroke or other brain injury. The type and severity of Dysarthria depend on which area of the nervous system is affected." - (ASHA, 1997)
ArticulationProducing sounds incorrectly
I.e. "Ls" ,"Rs" and Lisps |
FluencyFlow of speech is disrupted by any of the following:
-Inappropriate inhalation, exhalation and phonation patterns. -Sounds -Syllables -Prolonged words -Repeated words -Avoided words |
LanguageIssues expressing any of the Following:
-Needs -Ideas -Information OR Issues understanding what others say |
VoiceAbnormal pitch, resonance, or loudness
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(Weidenthal, 1990)